Xishan Relic Site of Zhengzhou, an important source of Chinese urban civilization

Built around 5300 to 4800 years ago, it is located 23 kilometers away on the margin of the Mangling Ridge in the northern suburb of Zhengzhou, and is one of the National Cultural Relics Protection Units .

After years of excavation by an archaeological teams there, a total of 120 houses, 1,600 caves and ash pits, 20 ash trenches, 200 tombs and 130 urn coffins were cleared, and a large number of pottery, stone, bone artifacts and animal and plant remains, such as animal bones and seeds, were unearthed.

One of the most important achievements discovered in Xishan site is the discovery and confirmation of rammed earth building wall in the late Yangshao period.

The plane of Xishan ancient city site is slightly close to a circle. The best preserved height of the existing wall is about 3 meters high, and the width is about 5 to 6 meters. The wall is widened to about 8 meters at the corner.

The cultural remains of Xishan Relic Site can be divided into three stages according to the sequence of development: the first stage is about equivalent to the first stage of Hougang cultural period, with fewer ruins and relics;the second stage belongs to Yangshao Miaodigou type, with the most abundant remains;the third stage is the type of Qinwangzhai in the late Yangshao culture. 

Xishan Ancient City was built in the early part of this period, abandoned in the late part of this period. It is of great significance to study the origin and urban development of ancient Chinese civilization.