Shuanghuaishu Site, cradle of Chinese civilization

At the turn of spring and summer in 2020, a giant settlement site of the middle and late Yangshao Culture, which was proposed by renowned archaeologist Li Boqian to be named "Ancient Heluo", was unveiled at Shuanghuaishu Site in Zhengzhou, Henan Province.

2020年春夏之交，位于河南郑州的双槐树遗址，这座由著名考古学家李伯谦建议命名为“河洛古国”的仰韶文化中晚期巨型聚落遗址，揭开神秘面纱。

摄影/李焱

The site is located 2 kilometers south of the south bank of the Yellow River and 4 kilometers east of the Yiluo River in Gongyi City, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province. The site is about 1,500 meters long from east to west and 780 meters wide from north to south, with a residual area of 1.17 million square meters, located in the Heluo Cultural center.

该遗址位于河南省郑州市巩义市黄河南岸以南2公里、伊洛河东4公里处。遗址东西长约1500米，南北宽约780米，残存面积达117万平方米，处于河洛文化中心区。

Shuanghuaishu Site is the largest central settlement with the nature of capital city discovered so far in the early period of the formation of Chinese civilization,middle and late Yangshao Culture in the Yellow River Basin. It is called "embryo of early Chinese civilization" and "Ancient Heluo Country" by experts and scholars.

双槐树遗址是迄今为止在黄河流域仰韶文化中晚期这一中华文明形成的初期，发现的规格最高的具有都邑性质的中心聚落，被专家学者称为“早期中华文明的胚胎”、“河洛古国”。

摄影/李焱

The archaeological exploration and scientific dating confirmed that the site was a well-chosen settlement around 5,300 years ago, filling in the key materials of the key period and area of the origin of Chinese civilization.

经考古勘探发掘和科学测年确认，该遗址是距今5300年前后，经过精心选址的都邑性聚落，填补了中华文明起源的关键时期、关键地区的关键材料。

Here sites the earliest "palace" found in China. The space organization form of large courtyards, with the layout of the imperial city, was the first imperial palace system in China.

这里有目前发现的中国最早的“宫殿”，这种大型院落的空间组织形式连同大型居址构成的‘前朝后寝’式的宫城布局，开创了中国宫室制度的先河。

There is a large central residential area with enclosed row layout. At present, there are 4 rows of large housing sites excavated, which are connected by laneways. Among them, the largest house covers an area of 220 square meters, which belongs to the "mansion" even today, indicating the extraordinary status of the residents.

这里有封闭式排状布局的大型中心居址区，目前发掘的4排大型房址，其间有巷道相通，其中最大的房子面积达220平方米，即使放到今天看也属于“豪宅”，可见居住者身份非同一般。

摄影/李焱

There are four large public cemeteries with a total of more than 1700 strictly planned, and all the tombs are arranged in a row. The rammed earth altar remains in the burial area are found for the first time in the Site of Yangshao Culture.

这里有4处共1700余座经过严格规划的大型公共墓地，所有墓葬均呈排状分布，墓葬区内的夯土祭坛遗迹，是仰韶文化遗址中首次发现。

Many artifacts with foreign cultural factors have been unearthed here, such as the folding tripod with dawenkou cultural characteristics, and the double belly bean and double belly bowl pottery combination belonging to Qujialing cultural factors, indicating that the Heluo area has existed cultural convergence and radiation since 5000 years ago, reflecting the inclusive cultural traditions.

这里出土了许多含外来文化因素的器物，如具备大汶口文化特征的折腹鼎、属于屈家岭文化因素的陶器组合双腹豆和双腹碗等，说明河洛地区在距今5000年前后已存在文化的汇聚和辐射，体现出兼容并蓄的文化传统。

 

摄影/李焱

A relic of Nine Stars made of nine pots ,and the earliest silkworm tooth carving, which is associated with the origin of silk, were also found here.

这里还发现了用9个陶罐摆放成“北斗九星”遗迹、与丝绸起源关联的最早家蚕牙雕……

"The important archaeological discovery of Shuanghuaishu Site demonstrates the representativeness and influence of Heluo region in the golden stage of the origin of Chinese civilization around 5,300 years ago, and provides key materials for the key period and region of the origin of Chinese civilization." Wang Wei, chairman of the Archaeological Society of China, said the middle and late Yangshao civilization centered in Shuanghuaishu was "the embryo of early Chinese civilization".

“双槐树遗址的重要考古发现，实证了河洛地区在5300年前后这一中华文明起源的黄金阶段的代表性和影响力，填补了中华文明起源关键时期、关键地区的关键材料。”中国考古学会理事长王巍表示，以双槐树遗址为中心的仰韶文化中晚期文明，堪称“早期中华文明的胚胎”。

来源：综合郑州日报、瞭望周刊